Stages of Design
By the early sixteenth century, many Italian artists followed a codified preparatory process in carrying out commissions for altarpieces, ceiling decorations, and buildings. This section is devoted to drawings that functioned as studies for specific projects, many of which are still extant. In conceiving such works, an artist often began his design with rapid brainstorming sketches (called schizzi or, later, primi pensieri, meaning “first thoughts”), such as Jacopo Zucchi’s cryptic draft for an allegorical composition. These were followed by studies of individual figures or groups of figures (called studi), which were often squared for transfer, as in Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo’s double-sided sheet of studies for a cupola decoration. The process culminated in finished drawings (or modelli) like Giuseppe Passeri’s elaborate ceiling design, intended to be shown to the patron for approval.
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Design for the Ceiling of the Salone d’Onore in the Hercolani Palace, BolognaDesign for the Ceiling of the Salone d’Onore in the Hercolani Palace, Bologna, ca. 1797–98
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Two studies for sculpture head in profile to leftTwo studies for sculpture head in profile to left, ca. 1912–13
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Seated male nude: Study for the Raising of LazarusSeated male nude: Study for the Raising of Lazarus, ca. 1614–20
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Study for the Funerary Monument of Girolamo CanalStudy for the Funerary Monument of Girolamo Canal, ca. 1577
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Ceiling Design: Virgin Mary of Carmel with the Christ Child in Glory, attended by AngelsCeiling Design: Virgin Mary of Carmel with the Christ Child in Glory, attended by Angels, 1700s
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Study for the Fall of the GiantsStudy for the Fall of the Giants, ca. 1528–33
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The Monatti, illustration to Alessandro Manzoni’s I Promessi SposiThe Monatti, illustration to Alessandro Manzoni’s I Promessi Sposi, ca. 1895–99
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Torso of youthful DionysosTorso of youthful Dionysos, ca. 125 A.D.
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Study for the Death of Atilius RegulusStudy for the Death of Atilius Regulus, ca. 1652
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Study for Saint Francis of Assisi Vesting Four DisciplesStudy for Saint Francis of Assisi Vesting Four Disciples, 1619
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Venice supplicating the Virgin Mary to intercede with Christ for the Cessation of the PlagueVenice supplicating the Virgin Mary to intercede with Christ for the Cessation of the Plague, 1630–31
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Male Nude: Study for the ResurrectionMale Nude: Study for the Resurrection, 1578–81