Saint Francis Praying beneath a Tree,

1657

These works show saints who, in pursuit of salvation, chose lives of solitude and self-deprivation. Saints Mary Magdalene, Francis, and Jerome wear humble robes and gaze at crucifixes; the two men each kneel before an open book, with much of the composition given over to their environment. Rembrandt has represented Francis praying at center while behind him a monk, likely Francis’s disciple Leo, pores over scriptures. Rembrandt’s print employs a rich range of tonality and finish, from the velvety blacks of the tree and crucifix to the few summary marks that depict Leo. Similarly, Guercino’s tight hatching in Mary’s face loosens to sweeping diaphanous pen strokes around her waist. The barely discernible form in her left hand is a skull, a reminder of the transience of this life and the importance of preparing for the next.