On view

Art of the Ancient Americas

Xantil (Effigy censer),

1450–1520

Eastern Nahua
Late Postclassic Period
2006-16
This effigy censer represents a seated deity, and its creators probably considered it to have been endowed with a life force. The mouth, nostrils, ears, and heart were perforated to allow breath-like scrolls of smoke from the burning incense to be emitted from the body cavity. Although much of the surface has badly eroded, enough of the paint survives to determine that it represents a potent spirit force known as a Maquiltonal, a name meaning Five Soul in the Nahuatl language of central Mexico. Among his traits that can still be discerned is a white hand painted across the mouth.

More About This Object

Information

Title
Xantil (Effigy censer)
Dates

1450–1520

Medium
Ceramic with stucco and polychrome paint
Dimensions
h. 64.0 cm., w. 43.2 cm., d. 30.1 cm. (25 3/16 x 17 x 11 7/8 in.)
Credit Line
Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund
Object Number
2006-16
Place Made

North America, Mexico, Oaxaca, said to have been found at Teotitlán del Camino

Culture
Materials

Likely between 1960 and 1962, Stendahl Gallery (9009) [1]; by 1968, sold to Edith Hafter, Zurich, Switzerland [2]; December 6, 2005, anonymous (“Appartenant a Divers Amateurs” sale, Christie’s, Paris, lot 419, sold to the Princeton University Art Museum.

Notes:
[1] See: Stendahl Art Galleries records, 1880-2003 > Series IV. Administrative and financial files, circa 1922-2017, undated > Ledger of works with identifying numbers consigned by artists and other owners, including William Wendt and Alson Clark > box 97, Stock book: 280-3091, undated [p. 196]. Entry 9009 lists “Seated Figure – elaborate headdress – Xantil Type – Mixtex – Teotitlan del Camino or Tehuacan, polychrome stucco on clay h. 25”,” and the was buyer listed as Hafter. Item 9008 in same ledger was bought by Bliss, who died in 1962, so before then. PC.B.041 is a tuerto hacha purchase from Stendahl in 1960, likely the object listed as 9008 and thus probably also 1960. See here: http://museum.doaks.org/objects-1/info?query=Portfolios%20%3D%20%222651%22&sort=0&page=8
[2] Published in Hasso Von Winning, Pre-Columbian Art of Mexico and Central America (New York: Harry Abrams, 1968), cat. no. 349.