Napoleon in Egypt,

1867–68

Possibly Goupil et Cie, Paris [1];

F. Schnittjer and Son, New York, by December 28, 1942 [2];

Sold by F. Schnittjer and Son at Paintings of the XIX Century and Earlier Schools: French and English Furniture, Tapestries, Bronzes, Objects of Art, Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, January 14, 1943, lot 3, as Napoleon in Egypt;

Jean-German-Leon, Baron Cassel van Doorn (1882-1952), Englewood, NJ, by 1952;

Estate of Baron Cassel van Doorn, 1952-October 3, 1953;

Sold by the Van Doorn Estate at French XVIII Century Furniture and Silver, Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, October 3, 1953, lot 496, as Napoleon in Egypt, and purchased by Frederick Delius Giese (1899-1957), New York;

Purchased from Giese by the Princeton University Art Museum through The John Maclean Magie, Class of 1892, and Gertrude Magie Fund, 1953.

NOTES:

[1] Gerome painted several scenes of Napoleon in the 1860s, many of which were subsequently sold by Goupil et Cie; see Gerald Ackerman, The Life and Work of Jean-Leon Gerome, with a Catalogue Raisonne (London: Sotheby's Publications, 1986), cat. 171. However, none of Goupil's stock book entries have been definitively tied to Napoleon in Egypt.

[2] See letter from Frank G. Schnittjer, Jr. to Parke-Bernet Galleries, December 28, 1942, published in Paintings of the XIX Century and Earlier Schools: French and English Furniture, Tapestries, Bronzes, Objects of Art (New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1943).

• Paintings of the XIX Century and Earlier Schools: French and English Furniture, Tapestries, Bronzes, Objects of Art; Property of F. Schnittjer and Son (New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1943).

  , cat. no. 3
• French XVIII century furniture & silver: valuable oriental rugs, tapestries, paintings & drawings, Georgian silver & Sheffield plate, old faïence, ivory carvings, miniature furniture, porcelains & silver, (New York: Parke-Bernet, 1953)., p. 81, cat. no. 496
• "Acquisitions," Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 13, no. 2, (1954): p. 62-63., p. 63
• Gerald M. Ackerman, "Gerome: The Academic Realist," Art News Annual 33 (1967): 101-107., p. 104, 107
• Bruce H. Evans, Gerald M. Ackerman and Richard Ettinghausen, Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824-1904), (Dayton, OH?: Dayton Art Institute, 1972)., p. 17; p. 56, cat. no. 16; p. 57 (illus.)
• Reality, fantasy & flesh: tradition in nineteenth century art, (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, 1973)., p. 6; p. 13, cat. no. 39; p. 28 (illus.)
• William Zimmer, "Fantasy and Realism Envelop Orientalism Show," The New York Times 132, no. 45,525 (December 12, 1982): WC36., p. WC36
• Donald A. Rosenthal, Orientalism: The Near East in French Painting, 1800-1880 (Rochester, NY: Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, 1982)., p. 94; p. 118, fig. 112; p. 119-120; p. 164, cat. no. 40
• Peter Fischer, "Ex oriente lux," die Kunst 10 (October 1984): 762-772., p. 762, fig. 1; p. 765
• Edwin H. Simmons, "O'Bannon's Sword?," Fortitudine 14, no. 1 (Summer 1984): 3-9., p. 3
• Mary Anne Stevens, The Orientalists: Delacroix to Matisse - the allure of North Africa and the Near East, (Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1984)., p. 87 (illus.); p. 114; p. 140, cat. no. 30 (illus.)
• Gerald M. Ackerman, The life and work of Jean-Léon Gérôme : with a catalogue raisonné, (New York; London: Sotheby, 1986)., p. 76; p. 77 (illus.); p. 220, cat. no. 171; p. 221 (illus.)
• Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones, Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986), p. 32 (illus.)
• Ceylan Tawadros, "Foreign bodies: art history and the discourse of 19th‐century orientalist art", Third text 2, no. 3/4 (1988): p. 51-67., p. 54-56

• Dirk Syndram, "Das Erbe der Pharaonen: Zur Ikonographie Agyptens in Europa," in Gereon Sievernich und Hendrik Budde, eds., Europa und der Orient, 800-1900 (Gütersloh, Germany; München: Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, 1989), 18-51.

  , p. 39, fig. 34
• ʻAbd al-Raḥmān Jabartī, trans. Shmuel Moreh, Napoleon in Egypt: Al-Jabartî’s Chronicle of the First Seven Months of the French Occupation, 1798 (Princeton: Markus Weiner, 1993)., Frontispiece
• Jennifer Hardin, The Lure of Egypt: Land of the Pharaohs Revisited (St. Petersburg, FL.: Museum of Fine Arts, 1996)., p. 4; p. 5 (illus.); p. 8, 12; p. 22, cat. no. 17
• L. Carl Brown and Matthew S. Gordon, eds., Franco-Arab Encounters: Studies in Memory of David C. Gordon (Beirut, Lebanon: American University of Beirut, 1996)., p. 254 (illus.)

• Gerome and Goupil: Art and Enterprise (Paris: Reunion des musees nationaux, 2000).

  , p. 157
• Gerald M. Ackerman, Jean-Léon Gérôme: Monographie révisée, Catalogue raisonné mis à jour (Courbevoie: ACR, 2000)., p. 398; no. S56
• Lisa Small, Napoleon on the Nile: Soldiers, Artists, and the Rediscovery of Egypt (New York: Dahesh Museum of Art, 2006)., Cover illustration; p. 2; p. 46, cat. no. 98
• Roberta Smith, "When the French Savants Were in Egypt's Land," The New York Times 155, no. 53,612 (June 16, 2006): E37., p. E37
• Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 24 (illus.)
• Nicholas Tromans, ed., The Lure of the East: British Orientalist Painting (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008)., p. 58, fig. 43; p. 59, 214
• Laurence des Cars, Dominique de Font-Rélaux, Édouard Papet, The spectacular art of Jean-Léon Gérôme, (Milan: Skira, 2010)., p. 155, cat. no. 90; p. 156 (illus.); p. 158
• Nasser Rabbat, "Circling the Square: Architecture and Revolution in Cairo," Artforum International 49, no. 8 (April 2011): 182-191., p. 184 (illus.)
• Jeanette Hoorn, Hilda Rix Nicholas and Elsie Rix's Moroccan Idyll: Art and Orientalism (Carlton, Australia: Melbourne University Publishing, 2012)., p. 51 (illus); p. 213
• Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 298