Dignitary,

600–900

Ceramic figurines associated with the islands of Jaina and Uaymil, off the west coast of Campeche, Mexico, provide an exceptionally rich record of noble Maya costume and adornment, including variations related to gender and courtly position. Looters disinterred hundreds of such figurines, all presumably associated with burials. The works vary dramatically in terms of detail and mode of manufacture, with some meticulously shaped by hand, others pressed from clay molds, and yet others fabricated through a combination of molded and modeled components. Many of the figurines produce sound, as rattles filled with clay pellets or as whistles, some producing multiple tones. The sound likely served to enliven and spiritually animate the subjects of these works. Although archaeological data is limited, individuals were buried with one or a few figurines, but they do not generally accord with the status or gender of the interred.

This figure’s calm demeanor, feathered cape, turban, and slight paunch attest to his noble status. Punctures in the clay represent a delicate design on the loincloth, which may depict openwork weaving. The open mouth, large chest, and expansive gesture have inspired scholars to identify the man as a k’ayom (court singer). The feathered cape was worn only by warlords or kings as they oversaw battle or received captives, however, as attested by a captive presentation scene on a Maya uk’ib (drinking cup) displayed nearby. These two interpretations need not be mutually exclusive; perhaps the subject here is a court orator dressed for an occasion related to warfare.